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Законы — это паутина: крупные мухи сквозь неё прорываются, а мелкие застревают. Шарль Луи де Секонда Монтескье, барон де ла Бред (1689-1755), французский писатель, правовед и философ


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Яндекс цитирования


22.12.2024, воскресенье. Московское время 02:41


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Table 4: Non-Governmental Funding.

Country

Prohibition on Types of Donors

Limitations on Contributions

Individuals

Legal Entities, Associations, etc.

Foreign Contributions

Australia

Certain anonymous donors

No

No

Disclosure of donors if gift is more than $200 to individual candidate or $1,500 to parties.

Brazil

No

Labor unions, public legal entities

Yes

Individual - up to 10% of last year gross profits or up to 70,000 UFIR; companies - up to 2% of last year gross income or up to 300,000 UFIR

Canada

No

No

Yes51

No

Czech Republic

No

No

No

No

France

No

Yes, no legal entity is allowed unless the legal entity is a political party or group.

Yes

Individuals: up to F30,000PACs F 50,000

Germany

Anonymous donors contributing in excess of DM 1000 (ca. US $700)

Political foundations charitable organizations & trade associations

If in excess of DM 1000 unless flowing from the assets of German citizens, companies of more than 50% German ownership, European Parliament members and parties

Donations to individual members of Federal Diet exceeding $6000 must be reported to the president of the Federal Diet. Donations to parties exceeding $120 per year must be recorded in parties records.

Great Britain

No

No

No

Disclosure for corporate donations in excess of £ 200; for any trade union donations

Greece

No

Public sector, enterprise of public law &. organization of local self-governing; enterprises owning licenses for TV or radio stations or publishing daily newspapers or magazines or participating in public bids.

No

Donations to political parties by individuals or companies must not exceed 10,000,000 drachmae. Donations to individual candidate should not exceed 1,000,000 drachmae.

India

No

Government company & company in existence for less than 3 years are not allowed

Prohibited, unless prior governmental permission obtained

1. Corporate contributions shall not exceed 5% of its average net profit
2. Disclosure of any corporate donations

Israel

Minors & anonymous donors may not contribute to candidates' campaigns during primaries.

Corporations; registered partnerships

Yes

Various limitations including individual gifts ceiling of about $61.000 or $120.000 in case the number of expected voters exceed 150,000.

Italy

No

No

No

Up to 20 million lire to candidates; no ceiling on parties, disclosure for contributions exceeding 10 million lire (1600 lire = $l)

Japan

Candidates

Support organizations may contribute only to stated objectives, corporations receiving subsidies or party to contract with the government

Yes

Yes

Malaysia

No

No

Yes

Yes

Mexico52

No

No

No

Ceiling of total yearly public financing: 10% for individuals, 5% for legal entities, 10% for anonymous donations.

The Netherlands

No

No

No

No

Russia

No

Charities and religious organizations

Yes-allowed from companies foreign ownership of which doesn't exceed 30%.

Yes, up to 30,000 times minimum wage.

Spain

No

No

Yes

Yes

Sweden

No

No

No53

No

Taiwan

Other candidates.

Other parties. Public operated enterprises or non profit enterprises that suffered a loss for 3 or more years.

Yes

Corporations - $l1,500 to a candidate or 11,500 to a party. Individual - up to $769 or 20% of annual income, party up to $7.692.

Turkey

No

Banks, professional labor unions, humanitarian/religious organizations, semi-governmental bodies or bodies established by law.

Yes

$10,000


51 Foreign citizens or residents and corporations which do not carry out business in Canada.

52 Data collected from the country report attached as well as from the 1995 LL report.

53 The law does not prohibit but in practice it if not done.

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